Source: Swedish National ArchivesĪs you can see, it has some identical features to the later Vegvísir we can see in the Huld manuscript, which we’ll get to a bit further down, but it is a lot more elaborately drawn and doesn’t follow the same pattern.īecause of the many differences I’m personally not convinced that it is the same symbol, which is a sentiment many historians such as Old Norse specialist Jackson Crawford also hold. I write possibly, because there is no direct mention of the name Vegvísir, but there is drawn a more elaborate Vegvísir-esque symbol toward the end of the manuscript, without any further reference or explanation:Ī Vegvísir-like symbol from the earliest known version of the Icelandic Galdrabók, from the 16th century. The earliest known depiction of the Vegvísir was possibly in the Icelandic Galdrabók (a book of spells) from the 16th century. Some say that they might be cardinal points like a modern compass would have, while others attribute all kinds of meanings to them that are connected in some way with finding one’s way. It could be based on runes such as maðr (ᛘ) or yr (ᛦ) which can be found on each line, but the little variations don’t make much sense to most experts in the Old Norse language and Younger Futhark runes. What are these symbols and patterns then? Well, it’s hard to say. Get in to the Viking spirit at home with our premium museum-quality prints sent right to your doorstep with free shipping worldwide. Hang some Old Norse mythology on your walls Hang Some Authentic Norse Mythology on Your Walls
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We'll also delve into the history and structure of the periodic table. In this article, we'll take a closer look at some of the trends he observed and explain why they occur. Mendeleev was the first to notice periodicity in the table and arranged the elements accordingly. In the case of the elements, periodicity means the repetition of properties after a certain atomic number. Another word you might hear is periodicity, which refers to the repetition of properties after a certain interval. These trends are patterns that repeat themselves as you move across a period or down a group. It consists of rows, called periods, and columns, called groups, and is designed to show periodic trends. The periodic table is a systematic arrangement of elements based on their atomic number. The periodic table remains an important tool for chemists and scientists alike to this day. His predictions were later proven correct when these elements were discovered. However, there were some cases where the properties didn't match up perfectly, so Mendeleev left gaps in the table for undiscovered elements. To reflect this, he arranged the elements in rows and columns, with similar elements placed above and below each other. Mendeleev initially ordered the elements by atomic mass, but he soon noticed that every eight elements or so shared certain properties. It was first developed in 1869 by a Russian chemist named Dmitri Mendeleev, who built on the work of other scientists like John Newlands. The periodic table is a fascinating creation that we still use today. So, if you want to know more about periodic trends, keep reading! What are periodic trends? We'll even cover density and electrical conductivity. By the end of this article, you'll be able to describe and explain trends in things like electron configuration, atomic radius, and first ionisation energy. We'll also take a look at periodic trends as you move along a period in the periodic table and as you move down a group. In this article, we'll explore periodic trends in inorganic chemistry and explain what periodicity is. This is because of something called periodicity, which means that certain trends in element properties repeat in regular intervals as you move along the table. It can actually help you predict the properties of an element just by knowing where it is located on the table. The periodic table is more than just a chart of elements. Saving Malaclypse: Somewhere throughout these levels you’ll meet the Grey Traveller who will give you a number of tasks. If you don’t have the Blessings go and see Apollyon and win the gambit against him for the 4 Blessings. Saving Ariadne: For the first level you’ll need to receive 4 Blessings so that the High Priestess will see you and heal Ariadne. This always spawns on the last level and you can use it to repeat any discarded encounters. To ensure you get the Desert Trek card on the last level add the Forgotten Dreams card to your deck. The Desert Trek card will fill the map with Desert Crossing cards, allowing you to get across to the Imperial Fort where Estrella is being held. The easiest way to do this is with the Desert Trek card which is the final card in the Market Pickpocket series. You’ll need to find another way across to rescue Estrella. This will make it impossible to win against Apollyon during the final gambit. In order to get the Gold Token you need to rescue all of your companions as well as Theophilus who is the Traveler in the Grey Traveller encounters.Īpollyon will help you rescue your friends but in order to save Theophilus you’ll need to let him drink from the Mysterious Vial on the last level. Tips for the Gold Token: This quest is actually fairly easy until the last level where you need to return to Apollyon for the last time to make it across to Estrella. Special Rules: Lord Apollyon will help you complete the requirements for rescuing your friends but the gambits will get increasingly difficult to win. You’ll need to find a way to rescue them without falling into the trap set for you by Lord Apollyon. Objectives: All of your companions have been injured or kidnapped. In fact, there's a definite lag, like it is pretending to be an internal-combustion engine. The odd part is that in EV mode if you floor the accelerator, the Range Rover doesn't leap forward with all the torque you'd expect from an EV motor. It means you initially move away easily, then the petrol engine kicks in almost imperceptibly. The plug-in hybrid Sport's bulk is significant (6,030 pounds), but in hybrid mode the electric motor is brought in to smooth out the ride and, especially in urban driving, set you off using serene, silent EV power. Let's get to the important bit right away. Here, classic Range Rover styling is evident. Driving in convoy, for the first time ever I looked at the back end of the new Range Rover Sport and thought, “I’m not sure I’d be able to instantly tell what it was.” Admittedly, the same cannot be said for the side and front profiles. It could almost be the behind of a number of SUVs. It is seen in the general rear view of the Sport. However, there is a flip side to this reductive ethos, when you take too much away. Here, the definite wins are the slimmer grille, the flush window glass with the pillars, and those rear lights that almost disappear-and if not, they certainly look a darn sight smarter than the alternatives on the road. It’s also meant that there have been few radical alterations or missteps. It’s a theory that’s has worked well for Land Rover over the years. It’s all about taking the unnecessary stuff away, supposedly leaving you with the essence of the Range Rover aesthetic and nothing else. When it comes to the look of the new Range Rovers, once again the company has chosen to go down the path of reductive design as dictated by chief creative officer Gerry McGovern. Quite the improvement from 2018-and it also makes it entirely possible, considering the US average distance driven per day is 35 miles, to run the hybrid Rand Rovers purely on electric for much of the time even if you don't recharge diligently. Home 7-kW charging will brim the battery in five hours. What's more, thanks to DC charging at 50 kW, you can top up from zero to 80 percent in about an hour. In full EV mode (hybrid is the default setting), Land Rover claims up to 70 miles of emmission-free motoring. That 38.2-kWh battery is why I've returned to look at Land Rovers, specifically the Range Rover Sport P510e. The P440e offers a total of 440 hp and 457 foot-pounds of torque, while the tweaked combustion engine in the P510e kicks up to 509 hp and 516 foot-pounds with a claimed zero-to-60 time of 5.2 seconds.īut, in truth, I care little about the internal combustion offerings on show here. The US gets the less powerful P440e model, while the UK can also opt for the P510e, but all use the same 38.2-kWh battery powering a 143-horsepower electric motor that helps a 3.0-liter turbocharged straight-six gasoline engine. The Sport models are a touch stiffer, mind you, thanks to a shorter roofline. I strongly suspect few who bought that 2018 car ever bothered to charge it regularly.īecause of that shared architecture, the new 2022 genuine hybrids are mechanically and electronically identical, whether you opt for the Range Rover or Range Rover Sport plug-ins. What's more, charging time for that measly EV-only range took seven and a half hours on a 10-amp home charger. When I tried it, admittedly on a pre-launch model, if memory serves I got about 10 miles on a charge. In real life, many said that number dropped to the low to mid twenties. Some may well remember 2018's plug-in hybrid model, but that initial half-hearted attempt had a claimed max EV range of just 31 miles. Compared to E70T-4, they offer slightly lower deposition rates of up to 30 pounds per hour, but they offer a smoother welding arc and Charpy impact toughness properties. The highest deposition rate gas-shielded flux-cored wire is E70T-1. This wire is also self-shielded, allowing it to be easily used outdoors. This wire is widely used to join thick steels where there is no Charpy impact toughness requirement. It offers the highest semi-automatic deposition rates, up to 40 pounds per hour. Since this wire is self-shielded, it is widely used outdoors and in field erection of structural steel.įor semi-automatic welding in the flat position, the fastest way to join thick steel plate is with an E70T-4. in the vertical-up position, 50% faster than other E71T-8 wires. Lincoln Electric's NR®-232 can deposit 4.5 lbs./hr. It is a top choice for shipbuilding, structural steel, and general steel fabrication applications.įor semi-automatic out-of-position welding without shielding gas, E71T-8 wires offer the highest deposition rates. These are reasons why E71T-1 is the world's most popular flux-cored wire. Argon/carbon dioxide blends are used for the smoothest arc and best out-of-position performance. In addition, the E71T-1 wires also offer an exceptionally smooth welding arc and minimal spatter, even with 100% carbon dioxide shielding gas. Its fast freezing rutile slag provides the highest deposition rates in the vertical-up position, up to 7 pounds per hour, unmatched by any other semi-automatic arc welding process. There are several popular types of flux-cored wires and how they can increase welding productivity:įor semi-automatic out-of-position welding, E71T-1 wires offer unsurpassed performance. They may be used outdoors in heavy winds without tenting and the additional equipment required for gas shielding. The benefits of self-shielded flux-cored wires lie in its simplicity. The core materials generate its own shielding gases, slag formers, and compounds to refine the weld pool. The FCAW-S wires on the other hand, the core materials must provide all of the shielding. As all of shielding is provided by the shielding gas, the core materials may be carefully selected to maximize a certain area of welding performance, such as obtaining smooth spray-type transfer with 100% carbon dioxide shielding gas and welding speeds twice as fast in the vertical position. The core ingredients for FCAW-G wires have been formulated to obtain performance impossible to achieve with a solid GMAW wire. The flux-cored arc welding self-shielded (FCAW-S) wires were introduced to the market later, around 1961. Scavengers and fluxing agents are used to refine the weld metal.įlux-cored arc welding gas-shielded (FCAW-G) wires were introduced to the market around 1957. Powdered alloys are added to produce low-alloy deposits or improving the mechanical properties. Iron powder is used to increase deposition rates. Slag formers are added to shield the weld pool and shape and support the weld. The ability to add a variety of materials to the core of the welding wire allows many performance enhancements to be made. It is either limited to short-circuit transfer, which is restricted by many welding codes due to the tendency for lack-of-fusion, or pulse transfer, requiring a special welding power source. For example, GMAW is slow for out-of-position welding. For many welding applications like vertical-up welding, flat welding, welding over galvanized, or welding hard-to-weld steels, a flux-cored wire can do it better and faster.Īlthough gas metal arc welding (GMAW) with a solid mild steel wire is popular, easy-to-use, and effective for many applications, it does have limitations and drawbacks. If welding with a solid wire is satisfactory, why use a higher priced flux-cored wire? A flux-cored wire is optimized to obtain performance not possible with a solid wire.
One way to detect a fake is to hold it top side up under a dripping faucet: If the droplets soak in instead of completely beading up, it’s not a real surgical mask, which by definition should have some level of water resistance.įor masks sold on Amazon, we confirmed with the manufacturer that we had a legit link to the product it was selling, and if we couldn’t reach the manufacturer (and if the mask was sold out everywhere except Amazon), we checked that the mask was both sold and shipped directly by Amazon. Others have appeared to be missing layers altogether, he said. Some have exhibited a mere 20% filtration rate on small particles (about the same as many of the filterless cotton masks we tested for our guide to cloth face masks), though most of them have demonstrated a slightly less shocking 70% to 80% rate. In fact, Colorado State University’s Christian L’Orange-who has tested thousands of masks, including our picks-told us that the most egregious fails have come from surgical-style masks as opposed to respirators. The packaging on most simply says “face mask,” in which case you can’t expect the masks to filter like the kinds of masks that health-care workers wear in hospitals. The dimensions were neither too large nor too small for most of our testers, yet the mask also accommodated one tester who has a beard (though, of course, facial hair inherently lessens a mask’s seal).Īs for disposable pleated masks, every neighborhood store and online vendor seems to sell them these days, but not all of them are actually surgical masks-just surgical-style, which is why they’re often a third or half the price of actual authorized surgical masks. We also like that you can choose to buy as few as 10 masks in a pack (though you can order as many as 10,000). Slightly rounded, as opposed to flat, they’re somewhat gentler on the ears, too. We like that the mask’s fasteners are sturdily attached (more so than most) and that they knot easily for adjustment. And it did: With a perfect seal, the mask offered more than 99% filtration efficiency for 0.5-micron-diameter particles drawn through a chamber at a rate of 15 liters per minute (similar to the rate that a person would exhale when talking at normal volume). When Chinese authorities updated the KN95 standard this summer, we commissioned Colorado State University’s Center for Energy Development and Health to verify that the Powecom mask sold by Bona Fide Masks maintained its high filtration efficiency. Its KN95 was FDA-cleared under the agency’s emergency use authorization during the N95 shortage. Powecom has been around since 2009 and is a recognizable name in China for making masks, even before the pandemic. (“I’m always suspicious of masks that have little or no breathing resistance to them,” said Christian L’Orange, the assistant research professor of mechanical engineering who ran our cloth-mask filtration test at Colorado State University.) The Kimberly-Clark mask closes absolutely flat without the need for you to pinch the nose wire closed, as you have to with many other foldable masks, and at around $1 a mask, it’s also the least expensive NIOSH-approved N95 we’ve seen so far. This mask doesn’t feel the easiest to breathe through-but that suggests some degree of filtration efficiency. I was able to place the lower band higher on my head to prevent air from escaping around my chin (a pain point for me with other respirators). In our experience, a long, sturdy nose-bridge wire helped minimize glasses fogging, too. A more cavernous cut (about an inch wider on each side compared with the typical respirator) means more filtered air to breathe in. Soft headbands that easily knot and stretch over various positions on the head form a good seal and are plenty comfortable for long-term wear. Step 2: Installation procedure is quite simple and straight-forward.Step 1: Download the LDPlayer software from the below link, if you haven’t installed it earlier – Download LDPlayer for PC.Let’s start our step by step installation guide. We are going to use LDPlayer in this method to Download and Install TouchRetouch for PC Windows 10/8/7 Laptop. Besides simulating a basic Android OS, LDPlayer also contains many features that will bring your Android gaming to the next level on PC. Trusted by millions of people from different countries, LDPlayer offers multiple languages including Korean, Portuguese, Thai, etc to make it more user-friendly. LDPlayer is a free Android emulator that enables you to play most Android games on PC with keyboard and mouse. TouchRetouch Download for PC Windows 10/8/7 – Method 3: Otherwise, you may face loading issues while playing high-end games like PUBG You need to have a minimum configuration PC to use Bluestacks. So using Bluestacks is the recommended way to install TouchRetouch on PC. Bluestacks4 is literally 6X faster than the Samsung Galaxy J7 smartphone. However, using the standard method to Install any android applications is recommended.The latest version of Bluestacks comes with a lot of stunning features. You don’t need to go to Google Playstore and install the game. If you have an APK file, then there is an option in Bluestacks to Import APK file. You can use the App the same way you use it on your Android or iOS smartphones. Now you can just double click on the App icon in bluestacks and start using TouchRetouch App on your laptop. You can find the App under list of installed apps in Bluestacks. Step 6: Once you click on the Install button, TouchRetouch will be installed automatically on Bluestacks. In our case search for TouchRetouch to install on PC. Step 5: Now search for the App you want to install on your PC.On the home screen, find Playstore and double click on the icon to open it. Step 4: Google play store comes pre-installed in Bluestacks.Once it is opened, you should be able to see the Home screen of Bluestacks. Step 3: It may take some time to load the Bluestacks app initially.After successful installation, open Bluestacks emulator.Go back to Method 1 or continue to step 3. Step 1: Download the Bluestacks 5 software from the below link, if you haven’t installed it earlier – Download Bluestacks for PC.We are going to use Bluestacks in this method to Download and Install TouchRetouch for PC Windows 10/8/7 Laptop. Bluestacks software is even available for Mac OS as well. TouchRetouch Download for PC Windows 10/8/7 – Method 2:īluestacks is one of the coolest and widely used Emulator to run Android applications on your Windows PC. zip: How to install APKs Bundle (Split APKs) Note: You need to download and install application in accordance with the following instructions: Sorry! TouchRetouch unable to download from my Server. The download link information we are listed below: you just need to download the apk file or xapk of the application to your computer and then install it to run. In case your computer has installed Emulators such as Bluestacks, LDPlayer. Tutorials install TouchRetouch Download for PC Windows 10/8/7 – Method 1: Moneta GL, Edwards JM, Papanicolaou G, et al. Prospective evaluation of new duplex criteria to identify 70% internal carotid artery stenosis. Correlation of North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET) angiographic definition of 70% to 99% internal carotid artery stenosis with duplex scanning. Moneta GL, Edwards JM, Chitwood RW, et al. Reappraisal of duplex criteria to assess significant carotid stenosis with special reference to reports from the North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial and the European Carotid Surgery Trial. Color-flow duplex scanning of carotid arteries: new velocity criteria based on receiver operator characteristic analysis for threshold stenoses used in the symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid trials. Endarterectomy for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis. 1991 325:445–53.Įxecutive Committee for the Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study. Beneficial effect of carotid endarterectomy in symptomatic patients with high-grade carotid stenosis. North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial Collaborators. Proposed new duplex classification for threshold stenoses used in various symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid endarterectomy trials. 1997 18:66–71.ĪbuRahma AF, Robinson PA, Stickler DL, et al. New Doppler parameters for carotid stenosis. Clinical implications of power Doppler three-dimensional ultrasonography. Noninvasive detection of internal carotid artery occlusion. Carotid artery stenosis: gray scale and Doppler US diagnosis-society of radiologists in ultrasound consensus conference. Grant EG, Benson CB, Moneta GL, Alexandrov AV, Baker JD, Bluth EI, et al. Ultrasonic duplex scanning for disease of the carotid artery. 311–23.įell G, Phillips D, Chikos PM, Harley JD, Thiele BL, Strandness DE Jr. Cerebral blood flow: physiologic and clinical aspects. Noninvasive dynamic and real-time assessment of extracranial cerebrovasculature. Carotid artery velocity patterns in normal and stenotic vessels. 85–104.īlackshear WM, Phillips DJ, Chikos RM, et al. Pulsed Doppler waveform patterns produced by smooth stenosis in the dog thoracic aorta. Thiele BL, Hutchison KJ, Green RM, et al. Ultrasonic echolucent carotid plaques predict future strokes. Gronholdt M, Nordestgaard B, Schroeder T, et al. Prospective controlled study of the natural history of asymptomatic 60% to 69% carotid stenosis according to ultrasonic plaque morphology. The correlation of ultrasonic carotid plaque morphology and carotid plaque hemorrhage: clinical implications. 333–40.ĪbuRahma AF, Kyer PR, Robinson P, et al. Other clinical implications include carotid endarterectomy based on duplex ultrasound without angiography, intraoperative assessment of carotid endarterectomy, long-term follow-up after carotid endarterectomy, plaque morphology and outcome, and carotid duplex scanning following trauma. The accuracy of duplex scanning in the examination of the carotid artery bifurcation has resulted in its use for detecting significant carotid stenosis in symptomatic patients, the evaluation of patients with neck bruits, postoperative imaging of endarterectomized vessels, and follow-up of asymptomatic patients to document progression of disease. In this scenario, other diagnostic modalities must be recommended to delineate the proper pathology. Calcification and shadowing, high bifurcation, short neck, or any other circumstances that prevent adequate interrogation of the carotid artery can result in an inconclusive examination. A complete carotid duplex examination should include: the peak systolic and end diastolic velocities of common, internal, and external carotid arteries, right and left subclavian arteries, and vertebral arteries the internal carotid to common carotid artery peak systolic velocities ratio flow direction of the vertebral artery (antegrade, retrograde, or bidirectional) analysis of the Doppler spectral waveform of the examined vessels and the presence or absence of plaque and description of its morphology.Ī carotid duplex ultrasound examination should be termed “inconclusive” if the findings are uncertain, and it cannot be ensured that the carotid artery does not have significant carotid artery disease. Also added to the mix was the brand new Red Bull RB5, which turned out to be much more competitive than its predecessors. In 2009, Mark Webber was joined at Red Bull by 21-year-old German driver Sebastian Vettel, who had taken a first race win for sister team Toro Rosso at the 2008 Italian Grand Prix. The team ended up in 7th in the Constructors' Championship, only ahead of a struggling Williams team, Honda and Force India after Super Aguri withdrew from the championship.Ģ008 proved to be David Coulthard's final season as an F1 driver, as he was replaced by Sebastian Vettel for the 2009 season.Ģ009 Main article: 2009 Red Bull Season Despite a strong start to the season, in which the team scored seven points finishes (including a 3rd place at the Canadian Grand Prix) in the first 8 races, the success tapered off towards the end of the season. The new engine failed to lead to much success during the year, scoring just 7 points-finishes and one podium (3rd at the Nürburgring) and 5th place in the Constructors' Championship.Ģ008 Main article: 2008 Red Bull SeasonĢ008 was much the same story. David Coulthard was retained by the team and was joined by former Jaguar and Williams driver Mark Webber. In 2007, Red Bull teamed up with Renault for use of the Renault RS27 engine, the successor to the engine which had powered the Renault team to the Drivers' and Constructors' titles in 2006. The highlight of season, however, was a third place finish for Coulthard at the 2006 Monaco Grand Prix, an achievement which lead to the Scotsman wearing a Superman cape on the podium, followed by team boss Christian Horner being thrown into the team's swimming pool in only a red cape.īy the end of the season, the team had amassed only 16 points from just seven points-finishes, ending the season in 7th place.Ģ007-2015: the Red Bull-Renault era 2007 Main article: 2007 Red Bull Season The partnership was not as successful, as drivers Coulthard and Klien (the latter later replaced by Robert Doornbos) managed only 16 points. This engine was the same one used by Ferrari for the season. This arrangement produced moderate success in 2005, ending the season in 7th place with 34 points, an improvement of 24 points on the last Jaguar season in 2004.Īt the end of 2005, the partnership with Ford was terminated, as the team signed a one-year deal with Ferrari for 2006.Ģ006: Red Bull-Ferrari Main article: 2006 Red Bull Seasonįor 2006, a deal was struck between Red Bull Racing and Ferrari to provide the team with their new V8-spec Ferrari 056 engine for one season. On four occasions, Klien was replaced by Vitantonio Liuzzi, an arrangement made between the drivers before the season had begun. Also retained was Christian Klien, now partnered by David Coulthard. The team continued the existing partnership with Ford who provided their Ford Cosworth TJ2005 engine to power the RB1, Red Bull's first car as a constructor. A management team was put in place featuring Arden International Motorsport team principal, Christian Horner, as team boss. Red Bull Racing were formed in 2005 when the Jaguar team (formerly Stewart) was purchased for the sum of US$1 by the Austrian drinks giant Red Bull. Max Verstappen won his first Drivers' title, making him the fourth youngest and the first Dutch driver to win a title.įormula One World Championship 2005: Red Bull-Ford Cosworth, and the RB1 It was Honda's last season in Formula One as an engine supplier. They are one of two teams owned by drinks giant Red Bull, the other being sister team, AlphaTauri (formerly Toro Rosso).įor the 2021 season, the team used the RB16B chassis, and engines supplied by Honda. The team headquarters are currently based in Milton Keynes, United Kingdom. Over their ten seasons as a standalone team, Red Bull have risen from what was a "back-of-the-grid" manufacturer to become one of the most successful teams in recent years, winning Drivers' and Constructors' titles in 2010, 2011, 20. The team was formed in 2005 out of what originally was the Jaguar team, although Red Bull's first endeavour into Formula 1 was ten years earlier when the energy drink manufacturer entered into partnership with Sauber. Red Bull Racing is an Austrian Formula One constructor and the Five-time Constructors' Champions, from 2010 to 20 Statistics do not include races from when the team ran as a named sponsor of Sauber. |
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